Dec 10, 2004 treaty of nanjing nanking, 1842 ratifications exchanged at hongkong, 26th june 1843. Nanking, treaty ofsigned aboard the deck of the hms cornwallis on 29 august 1842 by british plenipotentiary sir henry pottinger 17891856 and qing dynasty 16441911 imperial clansman qiying d. Treaty at a glance completed august 29, 1842, at nanjing nanking, china signatories great britain and china overview this treaty ended the opium war of 183942, and china ceded hong kong to great britain, opened several ports to unrestricted trade, and promised to conduct foreign relations on the basis of equality. Pdf how seriously did the treaty of nanking 1842 threaten. Further treaties extended trade and residence privileges to other nations and set up the. The treaty of nanking or nanjing was a peace treaty which ended the first opium war 183942 between the united kingdom and the qing dynasty of china on 29 august 1842. Sir henry pottinger and high commissioners keying and elepoo, the respective plenipotentiaries of queen victoria and emperor taokwang, brokered the. Thus, they got together and came up with the treaty of nanjing in august of 1842. The emperor signed a treaty with the british that would later be known as one of the unequal treaties made in china during this period. Both, chinese and british negotiated the treaty on board the hms cornwallis ship. The treaty of nanking signed on august 29, 1842 in nanking and its.
The treaty of nanjing was signed on august 29, 1842 to mark the end of the first opium war 183942 between the united kingdom of great britain and ireland and the qing dynasty of china. It was the first in a series of unequal treaties in which foreign powers used their military dominance to extract concessions from a weak imperial china. Pdf from 1844 to 1845, the translation problems with the. There shall henceforward be peace and friendship between her majesty the queen of the united kingdom of great britain and ireland, and his majesty the emperor of china, and between their respective subjects, who shall. After decisively defeating the chinese in the summer 1842, the war finally ended with the signing of the treaty of nanking and the ceding of hong kong to the british crown. It means the britons were allowed to trade with anyone they wished at these five ports and hong kong. Effects of the treaty of nanking for the first time, china, the once proud country would be forced to cede sovereign land to a foreign power and leave its citizens subject to a foreign rule. Not only that, the treaty had no official name in chinese at all and was referred to under a number of different names. The treaty of nanking nanjing was a peace treaty which ended the first opium war 18391842 between the united kingdom and china on 29 august 1842. The treaty of nanjing was the first of four treaties that were signed with china by the western nations, ending formal hostilities. Chang hsi and the treaty of nanking 1842 teng, ssuyu on. England and china signed the treaty on august 29, 1842. Treaty of perpetual peace and friendship between china and great britain treaty of nanking.
Chinese diplomacy and the treaty of nanking, 1842 the. The treaty of nanjing officially brought the first opium war to an end on august 29, 1842. In fact, anglochinese negotiations at nanjing in 1842 to conclude the first opium war initiated a century of western exploitation of chinas land and population. Peace treaty between the queen of great britain and the emperor of china.
Derek wood journal of imperial and commonwealth history, may 1996, vol. Excerpts from the treaty of nanjing1, august 29, 1842 in both opium wars, the chinese military fought with matchlock muskets, bows and arrows, and even spears. The confederated tribes of sacs and foxes cede to the u. Treaties of nanjing and wanghea key provisions of the treaties ending the opium war are presented in this selection. An analysis of the treaty of nanjing linkedin slideshare. Chinese diplomacy and lhe treaty of nanking 1842 j. The guns, which protected forts and towns, were set in place, unable to swivel as circumstances required. After sporadic military and naval actions, the chinese emperor agreed to open up trade, pay compensation for the loss of the opium, and cede hong kong. How seriously did the treaty of nanking 1842 threaten the sino. Treaty of nanking signatures of the three chinese plenipotentiaries.
Treaty of nanking nanjing, 29 august 1842 article i. Hong kong and the treaty of nanking in 1842 1949 words. Treaty of nanking 1842 which ended the first opium war, china opened additional ports of trade, eliminated trade barriers, ceded the offshore island of hong kong to britain, and allowed britain. John platt this famous 1846 engraving commemorates the signing of the first of the unequal treaties in august 1842.
Reason for treaty the treaty was between great britain and the qing dynasty of china to resolve the first opium war. The treaty in question was named the treaty of nanjing also known as the treaty of nanking. British merchants, who had previously been allowed to trade only at guangzhou canton, were now permitted to. Repay the british for the opium the government had destroyed. Canton systemestablished in 1756method for qing to control foreign trade in china.
The treaty of nanjing imperialism in china webquest. It was the first of what the chinese later called the unequal treaties in the wake of chinas military defeat, with british warships poised to attack nanking, british and chinese officials negotiated on board hms cornwallis anchored at the city. The treaty of nanking1 was an agreement between great britain and the emperor of china which brokered both a trade agreement and a cessation of hostilities. The consequences of the treaty of nanjing had china ceded the island of hong kong to britain and opened five large ports to foreign trade. The treaty of nanking nanjing, proposed in 1842 and ratified in 1843, marked the conclusion of the conflict between great britain and qing china commonly known as the 1st opium war 18391842. Oct 22, 2016 an analysis of the treaty of nanjing 1. Excerpts from the treaty of nanjing, august 1842 introduction following chinas defeat by the british in the opium war of 1839 1842, the following conditions were imposed on the chinese government by the british in a treaty signed in the city of nanjing nanking. The terms included china paying the british an indemnity and ceding the territory of hong kong, while british merchants were allowed greater trade opportunities. Dec 30, 2019 the treaty of nanking was signed in nanking on 29 august 1842 between the british and chinese delegation. The treaty of nanking nanjing was a peace treaty which ended the first opium war 1839 1842 between the great britain and china on 29 august 1842. In 1842, the official name of this city was jiangning and the name nanjingnanking did not even occur once in the official chinese text of the treaty. The treaty of nanking nanjing, proposed in 1842 and ratified in 1843, marked the conclusion of the conflict between great britain and qing. Excerpts from the treaty of nanjing, august 1842 introduction following chinas defeat by the british in the opium war of 18391842, the following conditions were imposed on the chinese government by the british in a treaty signed in the city of nanjing nanking. Dec 03, 2017 it was an international treaty between the ta tsing empire and the united kingdom.
Cornwallis, 29th august, 1842 detail painted by capt. It was the first of the unequal treaties against the chinese, labeled as such because britain had no obligations in return. From the treaty of nanking to the joint declaration. British supplementary treaty of the bogue chinaunited. Actually it was not just uk chose to translate it as such, but both china and ta tsing were used interchangeably as synonyms in the chinese treaties. The resulting retaliation from the british was somewhat delayed, but in april 1840 the chinese expedition, a force of 3000 soldiers and a small naval force arrived in singapore. The signing and sealing of the treaty of nanking in the state cabin of h. Teaty of nanjing singed after the the opium war between britain and china. To all and singular to whom these presents shall come, greeting.
Treaty of nanjing, august 29, 1842 treaty that ended the first opium war, the first of the unequal treaties between china and foreign imperialist powers. Treaty of nanking nus faculty of arts and social sciences. The first chinese war 183942 originated when the chinese authorities seized and destroyed large quantities of opium, which british merchants were importing. Treaty of nanking courage to talk for the next era. The treaty of nanking 1842 dylan symington sawyer symington. China was to grant the same privileges to the kingdom of france as to britain in the treaty of nanking and subsequent treaties. It is considered an unequal treaty by many sources. The privileges included the opening of five harbours to french merchants, extraterritorial privileges french citizens in china, a fixed tariff on sinofrench trade and the right of france to station consuls in china. Captain charles elliot, as superintendant of the british trade mission to china, had an important meeting with the chinese. Treaty of nanjing nanking, 1842 ratifications exchanged at hongkong, 26th june 1843. Victoria, by the grace of god, queen of the united kingdom of great britain and ireland, defender of the faith, etc.
The first unequal treaty, it ceded hong kong to britain, broke the chinese monopoly on trade, and opened the treaty ports of xiamen amoy, guangzhou canton, fuzhou foochow, ningbo ningpo, and shanghai to foreign trade. Following chinas defeat by the british in the opium war of 18391842, the. Stuart, a former agent of the american fur company afc who was active in whig political circles in michigan satz 1975, 162, had indicated a strong interest in economic opportunities in the lake superior region as early as the 1820s nute 1926, 485. Excerpts from the treaty of nanjing, august 1842 introduction. In the aftermath of the first opium war, the british and the chinese signed the treaty of nanjing in 1842 as peace settlement. The treaty of nanjing 1842 asia for educators columbia. The fact that the uk chose to translate ta tsing as china has nothing to do with the prc. Other articles where british supplementary treaty of the bogue is discussed. Excerpts from the treaty of nanjing, august 1842 introduction following chinas defeat by the british in the opium war of 18391842, the following conditions were imposed on the chinese government by the british in a treaty signed in the city of nanjing. Treaty of perpetual peace and friendship between china. The treaty of nanking nanjing was a peace treaty which ended the first opium war 18391842. Treaty of nanking 1842 fuyi riji, after the qing government received the treaty and its provisions drafted and presented by the british party, the general refers. The treaty of nanking nanjing, proposed in 1842 and ratified in 1843, marked the conclusion of the conflict between great britain and qing china commonly known as the 1st opium war 1839 1842.
It was the first of what the chinese later called the unequal treaties. Treaty of nanking wikisource, the free online library. Victoria, by the grace of god, queen of the united kingdom of great britain and. Dennis abrams explains the treaty of nanking, signed between great britain and china to end the first opium war 18391842, to create a new framework for chinese foreign relations and overseas trade that would. Ratifications were exchanged in hong kong on 26 june 1843. Treaty with the confederated tribes of sauk and fox at the agency of the sauk and fox indians in the territory of iowa. The treaty ceded the island of hong kong and opened five ports, canton, xiamen, foochou, ningpo and shanghai to the british. The british ended up occupying hong kong for the next 155 years and will finally hand over control to china on june 1, 1997. The treaty of nanking or treaty of nanjing signed 29 august 1842 was the from science 101 at palmetto high school. It was by the famous treaty of nanking that the island of hong kong was. Treaty of nanjing, treaty august 29, 1842 that ended the first opium war, the first of the unequal treaties between china and foreign imperialist powers. The treaty of nanking 1842 derecho internacional publico.
The 1842 treaty of nanking ended the war between china and britain. This treaty would have lasting effects even into recent history. The 1842 treaty of nanking ended the war between china and. Pdf translations of early sinobritish treaties and the masked. In the west, this was widely heralded as a triumph of. A british naval force attacked chinese war junks in kowloon harbour in 1839 and hostilities continued until china was defeated in 1842. Treaties of nanjing and wanghea columbia university. China paid the british an indemnity, ceded the territory of hong kong, and agreed to establish a fair and reasonable tariff. The 1842 treaty of nanking brought an end to the first opium war 18391842 between china and great britain. The first opium war started in 1839 and was officially ended with the treaty of nanking in 1842.
It means the britons were allowed to trade with anyone they wished at. This section contains three versions of the 1836, 1837, 1842, and 1854 treaties between the united states and the ojibwe bands in which they ceded lands in northern michigan, wisconsin and minnesota but retained the right to hunt, fish and gather on he lands they sold. Abstract, this article examines two state documents that signpost the colo nial history of hong kong. Reason for treaty the treaty was between great britain and the qing dynasty of china to resolve the. The treaty of nanking or treaty of nanjing signed 29. Pdf the opium war 1840 1842 download full pdf book. John platt, the signing and sealing of the treaty of nanking in the state cabin of h.
Trade and diplomacy on the china coast the opening of. R fairbane r nhe sinobritish treaty of nanking of august 29, 1842 marked a turningpoint in far eastern history, but the z accounts of its negotiation available to western students are extremely brief. What is the historical significance of the treaty of nanking. It was the first unequal treaty with britain and it said that chinese had to give up hong kong to britain for nintynine years, the british would live in china by extraterritoriality at four ports, distribution of opium would continue and christain missionaries will be set up throughout china. It was the first of what the chinese later called the unequal treaties on the ground that britain had no obligations in return in the wake of chinas military defeat, with british warships poised to attack nanking.
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